Ekklesia (or ecclesia) is the Greek word church. In a general sense ekklesia refers to a gathering of citizens who are called out from their home. An assembly is what we could call this. When in reference to all Christians, it refers to those who are called out of the world to be God's people. This refers to Christians of all ages. Yet in another sense, there is a weekly assembly in which God calls His elect to leave their homes and gather together in public. Putting these two ideas together, the church is a worldwide community that is called out from among the world to assemble each week in local communities for the purpose of worshipping the Savior.
Ecclesiology, then, is the study of the church. Specifically, what is studied? Among other things, ecclesiology includes studying when the church came to be, its purpose, its ordinances, its government, its relation to Jesus and its relation to other believers. As a subset to government and relationship to other believers, I would place discipleship. Disciple is about being trained to train someone else who can train others to train others to know and follow Christ. In other words, discipleship is about making disciple-making-disciples.
I say that discipleship is a subset of church government and our relationship to other believers because (1). elders, the leaders of the church, or the men who govern the church, are to be the teachers of God's word alongside being example setters for others to follow and (2). Christians are to disciple other Christians. For a moment I'd like to focus on how it is that elders partly disciple other believers.
In 1 Timothy 3:1-7 the Apostle Paul gives Timothy a rundown of the qualifications of an elder/pastor/bishop/overseer. Paul says that if someone desires to do this then that man desires a noble task. So we must understand that being an elder is task oriented. What's interesting is that a lot of what Paul mentions in these verses are character and competency issues. Have a read for yourself.
1 Timothy 3:1-7 Here is a trustworthy saying: Whoever aspires to be an overseer desires a noble task. 2 Now the overseer is to be above reproach, faithful to his wife, temperate, self-controlled, respectable, hospitable, able to teach, 3 not given to drunkenness, not violent but gentle, not quarrelsome, not a lover of money. 4 He must manage his own family well and see that his children obey him, and he must do so in a manner worthy of full respect. 5 (If anyone does not know how to manage his own family, how can he take care of God’s church?) 6 He must not be a recent convert, or he may become conceited and fall under the same judgment as the devil. 7 He must also have a good reputation with outsiders, so that he will not fall into disgrace and into the devil’s trap.
The character issues are above reproach, faithful to his wife, temperate, self-controlled, respectable, hospitable, not given to drunkeness, not violent but gentle, not quarrelsome, and not a lover of money. These are issues related to the heart--issues related to holiness.
The tasks at hand are that he be able to teach and that he manage His household well which is also a character issue. These are both competency issues. The man must be able to understand and communicate God's Word in a way that people can grow to be like Christ. The man must also have the skill, competency and leadership abilities to lead his family well.
Two other things are mentioned and I'd put them into a category of description, not task or character issues per se. Those things mentioned are not a recent convert and he must also have a good reputation with outsiders. Being a recent convert versus being a long-term convert is a subjective term in some sense, but it's not something that has to do with character issues or competency. It has to do with the length a potential elder has been a believer so that he doesn’t fall into pride. A potential elder must have a good reputation in the community. While this is connected to the issue of character, it is more of a description of one's overall character or reputation in the community.
So with some basic understanding out of the way, I want to point out that being a pastor is very task oriented. In what way? Put simply, as pastor is called to teach what God's Word says and then model how God's Word is lived out in this world. That's why teaching and character are so important. The church must hear what God's Word says. And then elders must model how to apply it, not just teach. This is why an elder must be able to teach and must have a godly disposition of heart in all these things.
In 1 Timothy 3:14-15, Paul explains why he has just given Timothy instructions on the qualifications of elders and deacons. Here's what he says:
1 Timothy 3:14-15 Although I hope to come to you soon, I am writing you these instructions so that, 15 if I am delayed, you will know how people ought to conduct themselves in God’s household, which is the church of the living God, the pillar and foundation of the truth
The point of making sure the elders and deacons are properly qualified is so that the rest of the church will know how to conduct themselves. So elders teach and elders model godly character and behavior. In order for the church to know how to properly conduct themselves they must receive God's Word from an elder and then model their lives after the elder who has godly character. Ultimately, this means that elders must incorporate others into their lives. Elders have to give other believers the opportunity to see truth in action.
Let me share how I do this, as it was shown to me by other pastors/elders in my life. My wife and I often take our church people out to dinner. Sometimes we have them over to our home. Sometimes we go places with people. In all these instances we are incorporating them into our lives. Why? Because I've spent sermon after sermon teaching them God's Word and, as an elder, I now want to show them what living in this world looks like as a kingdom citizen. In doing so, they will see how I interact with my wife and manage my household. This is something many believers struggle with. Yeah, I've preached about marriage, but now they need to see a Christian marriage in action. In taking a family out to eat, they'll see how I interact with restaurant staff with smiles and politeness, not frowns and demands. They're going to see how I respond if my order is not prepared correctly. Many believers are demanding when dealing with restaurant staff. I want them to see there's a godly way to interact with unbelievers. When we sit down to eat, if alcohol is ordered, then I want them to see that enjoying God's gifts is a good thing and that doesn't require or justify drunkeness. Moderation needs to be modeled. If I invite others along for an off-road adventure, I want them to see God's creation and how its beauty is meant to inspire us to worship Him--that it's not just there for amusement. These are things I deliberately think about when spending time with our church members.
Today I had the blessing of having the day off. My plan was to go visit our daughter with my wife. She had been unable to come home recently due to work and school obligations so we thought we'd pay her a visit. There was a fellow believer that she wanted to come along with us and so I invited him over to my house several hours prior to our departure. For the first 90 minutes we hung out at my house and we talked shop. That is to say, we talked theology, discipleship, ministry, church life, worship, Scripture. No particular topics were planned. We just had normal conversation that was godward. It was rich and edifying to both of us.
At this point, I knew that I had about an hour left before my wife was home at which point we'd depart to see our daughter. So I asked this young man if he wanted to play a video game. It's not ungodly by any means to pivot from a long conversation about theology to something of amusement. So we jumped on a couple games and ended up playing an old school snowboarding game that required us to finish various slaloms within a specified time. Basically it was a race against the clock. As we progressed the courses got more difficult and we were crashing all over the place. We laughed hard as we cheered each other on to beat the clock. My wife came home and heard us having a great time laughing and high-fiving each other. Then we left.
On the hour-long drive to see our daughter we had more great conversation about God, work, life, ministry, family and so much more. I got to know this young man better and he got to know my wife and I better. And it was great hearing my wife ask him questions I wouldn't normally have asked. That's how she makes such a great ministry partner for me.
Then we picked up our daughter from her college dorm and the family/friend reunion was on. At this point, I did some talking but not as much because I wanted our daughter to catch up with our brother in Christ. It was awesome hearing them exchange stories and laughing and catching up. I'd interject every now and then, but they did the bulk of the talking on the way to a restaurant.
At the restaurant we glossed over the menu and we ordered our food. Unfortunately for our server, I had to ask a lot of questions about food items but I did it politely and with humor. I have a recent health issue that was brought to my attention by my doctor and so I had to know the particular contents of the entrees. She was helpful and I graciously thanked her for her help and understanding. My family teased me a bit and waitress took note of it and laughed about it. I told her, "You should see how them treat me when no one is around. If you hear me say the word "fruit juice" that's code for "I need help. Call 911." She laughed. The food came. We prayed and enjoyed God's goodness. Our family custom is to take care of our daughter's friends and young believers whenever we go out to eat in public. So we did this with our young brother in Christ. We do this because several pastors set an example for us when we were young, super broke and in college. They treated us an left an indelible impression on us.
So at dinner my young brother has been seeing my family in action. He's watching an elder with his wife and with his daughter. My character has now been on display for several hour since he first came to my house. He's heard me talk about godly things, he's seen a playful pastor who enjoys God's gifts and he's seeing me interact with my family in a public setting. He's heard me teach how we're to be godly in this world for the sake of Christ. Now he's observing it without me telling him to observe and learn and imitate. He's catching what he's watching. In fact, he recently observed how my home is led and operated and his comment was, "When I look at your home I see stewardship." Inside I rejoiced at God's work and what's He's doing. It wasn't a proud moment for me but it was a moment of celebration in God.
After dinner we went to a local store and did a little bit of shopping. My wife and daughter went one direction and this young man and I went another. As we were looking at different items we'd joke about this or that and laughed most of the time in the store. When we were done we took our daughter back to her dorm and prayed for a situation she is dealing with at school. We wanted God to move in the situation and for His glory to be known. Then we drove home and had another hour of awesome conversation about his family and aspirations for his own family. We even enjoyed some worship songs during the ride. When we got back to my house it was time for him to head home. He had to work early the next morning. But as he left he said, "this was an awesome day." I told him that it refreshed my soul and I enjoyed it, too.
I don't know the exact amount of time, but today's spontaneous discipleship session was about 8 hours. It wasn't formal. It wasn't planned. It wasn't scripted. It wasn't forced. It was simply an outflow of living life together. Times like this are needed. They don't need to be so long. They don't need to encompass so much. I just painted a picture of the day so you could see various elements of what it looks like to model for a young man what the Christian life looks like for a married elder, who has a daughter. This doesn't get to happen every week, but spending time with believers for extended time does happen many times throughout the month. The time I spend with them doesn't always include sitting at a table with Bibles propped open. Yes, that has to take place, but not to the exclusion of modeling godly behavior in the public arena.
Jesus was a master discipler. When He called His disciples to follow Him, He didn't just mean a weekly meeting with some teaching. When a rabbi called disciples, if they chose to follow, they literally left everything to follow this man to learn from him and to observe his life 24/7. They listened to his teaching and studied his life. That's what Jesus' disciples committed to and that's what Jesus was calling them to...learning and imitating. And that is why an elder must be able to teach and must have godly character. The godly character isn't there for just personal holiness, but for corporate holiness as well. The Apostle Paul makes it clear that this is why an elder must be properly qualified. The godly character and behavior of the church depends on the elders' ability to teach God's word and model Christ-like behavior. And you can't model godly behavior if interaction with church members is limited to public teaching only. It just doesn't work that way.
This brings me back to ecclesiology or the study of the church, specifically, the area of discipleship. Proper discipleship is tied to proper church governing. Proper discipleship includes believers discipling other believers correctly. Elders must show believers how to disciple and if we never spend time with people outside of our teaching times, then we aren't discipling properly because we'll be limited in what we can model for them. It's one thing to be taught things in theory. It's another thing to be placed in a workshop where one can practice what they've been taught.
I pray that a better understanding of ecclesiology leads you to better practices in the church for God's glory. Now what are you waiting for? Go find a disciple. Teach them some things. Then live some life together in this world. Then help them to do what you just did. If this is what elders do, then you are to imitate that as a believer.