Tuesday, September 26, 2023

OLD TESTAMENT HISTORY - LECTURE 9 - JOSHUA: GOD'S CONQUEST - PART 1


Lectures by Professor V. Phillips Long
Covenant Theological Seminary


What is the relation between the death of Mose the Promised Land? Mose was not going to enter the Promised Land (Numbers 20:12; Deuteronomy 1:37-38).  Until he dies, the time is not right to enter the land. Once he dies, God moves forward with His plan. That's why God mentions the death of Moses at the beginning of the book of Joshua. It's as if to say, "now is the time."  

Moses is called the servant of the Lord in many passages in Joshua.  It's a commendation from God that comes at the end of Moses' life. Joshua was the son of Nun at the beginning of Joshua.  Joshua didn't receive this commendation until he died as well (Joshua 24:29).  

Joshua was formerly named Hoshea until Moses changed his name. Joshua means the Lord saves (Numbers 13:8 & 16). Hoshea means salvation but in changing the name he made it more specific. Joshua - the Lord saves.  

Joshua was Moses aide.  He was by Moses side.  He was part of the Exodus.  He was a military leader chosen by Moses to fight against the Amalekites (Exodus 17:8-10).  Joshua was one of the 12 spies that scoped out the Promised Land (Numbers 13&14).  Joshua was the closest person to Moses at Mt. Sinai and the tent of meeting.  

It's clear that Joshua was being uniquely prepared to take over for Moses.  

The word give begins to appear many times in Joshua. God is going to give them the land.  But this giving involves human responsibility.  Joshua must move his feet and go.  

In Joshua 1:5-9 we see Joshua's charge.  There are repetitions.
(1).    God will be with you.
(2).    Be strong and courageous.
(3).    Be careful to know and do what God commanded in His Law.  
(4).    Blessing is promised for obedience. 

Joshua has to move forward with the task and the Torah. It takes courage to do things God's way instead of in our own wisdom.  He must not be discouraged in the face of terror. 

We must make sure we don't apply the text in an erroneous way. Success is not what we think it is.  It's not riches and prosperity and health. It's divine enablement to complete the mission and arrive at the destination God has assigned to us.  For us, it's enduring until the end when all things are made new which is what the Promised Land foreshadowed.  

Jesus is the most successful person that has existed and will ever exist. Yet He suffered like no other. So success is not how the world defines it. Jesus fulfilled the purpose for which He was sent, therefore, He was perfectly and completely successful.

BOOK SUMMARY: REDEEMING MEMORY - CHAPTER 5 - TOOLS TO SANCTIFY MEMORY



INTRODUCTION
God remembers His sheep in sanctification (progressive spiritual growth) not just salvation. Human memory battles with the remains of indwelling sin. We forget what we should remember and we remember what we should forget.  Nevertheless, God uses our imperfect memory in the sanctification process.  Christ did not die and rise for us in order to neglect us. Rather He saved us and supplies all we need for godliness (2 Peter 1:3).


THE INDWELLING OF THE HOLY SPIRIT
God abides in us. The Spirit is with us forever. He aides our memory by teaching us truth and by helping us to recall truth (John 14:16-17).  The Spirit helps the disciples of Christ. 

John Owen said that the Holy Spirit's work is "to bring the promises of Christ to our minds and hearts."  It is the Holy Spirit's work in aiding our memory that underpins all the other aides God supplies for memory. 


THE TOOL OF CONSCIENCE
The conscience is the awareness of right and wrong.  Conscience functions in prevention and confession of sin.  It warns of sin and throbs when you sin. The conscience is not perfect. It needs to be shaped and transformed by God's Word.  If it's not shaped by God's Word, it can accuse or excuse improperly.  


THE TOOL OF PRAYER 
Prayer and the Spirit of God are closely connected. It is the Spirit that helps us in our weakness as He intercedes for us when we do not know how or what to pray (Romans 8:26-27).  Prayer is often the first step of a wayward believer back to right remembrance of what God has said.

(1).  To Orient - You must remember to pray. You must remember to depend on the God who listens.  From the belly of the fish, Jonah "remembered the Lord" and prayed to Him (Jonah 2:7).  Prayer orients us to God.

(2).  To Appeal - Prayer is not just an act of remembrance. It is an appeal to God's remembrance.  David prayed for God to remember His compassion and lovingkindness (Psalm 25:6-7). In the same passage David prayed for God to not remember his sins. 

(3).  To Approach - Prayer inspires boldness when the believer remembers God (1 John 5:14-15).  We can have confidence that God will answer our prayers according to His will. How do we know His will?  We remember what He's said in His Word. In prayer we remember to remind God to do what He said He would do. 

(4).  To Outlast - Prayer spans generations. It is spoken in time but extends to eternity where God remembers. They outlast us.  Jesus prayed for us 2000 years ago (John 17). 


THE TOOL OF WRITTEN RECORDS
Written records are a common tool of remembrance in the ancient world.  Plato believed that written records would weaken the memory but God sees the written word and records as beneficial for us. In Exodus 17 we see a book of remembrance. 

(1).  Importance of Written Records - Each future king of Israel was to write down his own copy of the Law of God in the presence of a priest. In Psalm 102:18 the faithfulness of God was written down for future generations. We have the treasure of God's Word because of written records.

(2).  Transformation Through Written Records - Hilkiah the high priest found the book of the Law in the house of the Lord. It was read to Josiah and Josiah tore his clothes in repentance (2 Kings 22:8-13).  Then it was read to the entire nation. Written remembrance can affect future generations.  The written record of the gospel has done the same for us (2 Peter 1:19-21). 

(3).  Techniques In Written Records: Poetry - Rhyme and rhythm are used to help our memories. Acrostics are used. Chiastic structures and imagery are used. Psalm 119 has 22 stanzas; each corresponding to the letters of the Hebrew alphabet.

(4).  Techniques In Written Records: Metaphors - Metaphors create pictures and images in our mind. Our minds think in images not words. These images help us understand the abstract. God is our rock, fortress, high tower, father, shepherd, etc. Metaphors unlock complexities so we can remember better. 

(5).  Techniques In Written Records: Parables And Storytelling - They point to truth as we identify with the story and characters. 

(6).  Techniques In Written Records: Repetition - Our minds need reminders in order to remember. Repetition says, "Stop and don't forget this!"  Psalm 136 refers to God's lovingkindness over and over and over and over and over. 


THE TOOL OF CREATION
Creation itself should constantly bring to memory God's existence, power and glory (Psalm 19:1). There should never be a day that we do not think about God. His artwork is everywhere. Creation should direct your mind and memory to worship and glorify God. 

(1).  To Recognize Smallness - The vastness of creation reminds us of how small we are and how big God (Psalm 8:3).  Why should He be mindful of the tiny specs that we are in this vast universe. Yet He is!

(2).  To Recognize Largeness - The Lord pointed to the birds to point to God's provision. There are an estimated 400 billion birds on the earth and God tends to them all.  Because we are made in God's image are we not worth more (Psalm 104:    16-17; Matthew 6:25-27)? God is well-capable of caring for all of His creation, especially us. 

(3).  The Blocking Of Creation's Cues - Mankind has a way of using science to try and explain away a Creator. The more that is discovered through scientific discovery, the more that it is assumed that a Creator is not necessary.  But it doesn't logically follow that because you understand how something works, that a Creator is not necessary.  Scientists still have yet to create a single cell from nothing. 

Human achievement and media have a way of hindering our minds from looking at creation and remembering God. The advancements that promote our well-being like heating and air-condition often keep us indoors. The same is true for entertainment. We stare at screens instead of the sky or mountains.  None of these things are bad, but they can hinder our memories and ability to recall God's greatness if we allow them to dominate our lives. 


Thursday, September 21, 2023

BOOK SUMMARY: REDEEMING MEMORY - CHAPTER 4 - GOD'S REMEDY FOR MEMORY



No one is able to escape the sin condition that distorts our minds away from God to self (Romans 3:23).  God's perfect memory of our iniquity is shown in infinite justice. Hosea 9:9 says that God remembers iniquity and will punish sinners. Death is inevitable and deserved.  Only God's grace can overcome our fallen condition as Christ bears our iniquities upon Himself. 


THE PERFECT MEMORY OF THE REDEEMER

(1).  His Perfect Memory Of Scripture - Colossians 2:9 says that the fullness of God dwells in Jesus. This includes omniscience and perfect memory. His perfect life encompassed a perfect memory. When Satan tempted Jesus in the wilderness He quoted Scripture to show where Satan was either misquoting or misapplying God's Word.  He remembered when Israel failed and forgot. 

(2).  His Perfect Memory In Prayer - Prayer is an act of remembrance. Christ's prayer in the Garden of Gethsemane showed that He had not forgotten that He came to do the Father's will.  Jesus even quoted Scripture as He prayed to His Father (Psalm 22:1 and 22:18).  His last words on the cross were from Psalm 31:1-5. Prayer marked the beginning of Jesus' ministry and the end of His time on the cross (Hebrews 5:7). 


THE PERFECT PLAN OF REDEMPTION

(1).  The Pattern -  In John 3:14-15 Jesus recalled the incident in Number 21 where Israel complained and God sent serpents to punish them. God instructed Moses to make bronze serpent and place it on a stand so that who ever looked at it in trust of God's Word would live. The bronze serpent later became an idol (2 Kings 18:4). The serpent was supposed to be a reminder of salvation and Israel perverted that memory. Jesus arrived 1600 years later to redeem that image. He would be the better bronze serpent--the One who'd be lifted up so that people would look upon Him in faith and be saved.  Christ redeems corrupted memories. 

(2).  The Accusation - For God's justice to be fully satisfied, He must remember and punish every sin that believers have committed. It was those things that were nailed to the cross--all of them (Colossians 2:13-14).  Satan reminds us of our failures and accuses us.  God remembers all our sin and nailed them to the cross of Christ (Romans 8:31-34).   Satan now has no grounds for accusation against us because God didn't forget any of our sins. 

(3).  The Transaction - Isaiah 43:25 reminds us that God will not remembers our sins.  Psalm 103:10-12 reminds us that God will remove our sins from us.  How is it that God "forgets" when He has perfect memory?  God does not forget as we do since He is eternal and omniscient. What He's telling us is that His pardon is so complete that it's tantamount to forgetting. Forgetfulness for God is not losing memory but rather it's not taking action against us for our sin. The record is cleansed. Hebrews 10:12, 17 reminds us that the NC, which centers around the Priesthood of Christ and His Sacrifice, is about total and complete pardon. The cross is the event where God remembers that our sin was placed on Christ to suffer once and for all for us. When Christ was forsaken on the cross, it was as if God had forgotten Christ for our sake so that we'd never be forsaken. This is what it means for God to "forget" our sins.  Spurgeon said that forgetting means that God will never seek any other atonement.

(4).  The Resurrection - God raising Jesus from the dead was the proof that Christ's sacrifice was sufficient and that the Son was not ultimately forsaken (Acts 2:24).  Resurrection is remembrance. God did not leave His Son abandoned to Sheol.  The resurrection if the pinnacle of remembrance. Without the resurrection our faith in in vain (1 Corinthians 15:17). If our faith is in vain then what we believe and remember from Scripture is also in vain.  According to Ephesians 2:8-9 we are saved by grace through faith.  These means that salvation is found in remembering the cross and empty tomb.  

(5).  Glorification - Christ was glorified and ascended and His continued ministry is that of intercession. This is a continual remembrance of His people (Hebrews 7:25).  He does not forget us. We are continually on His mind!


THE COVENANT APPLICATION OF PERFECT REDEMPTION

God Remembers His Covenants - Keeping covenant requires memory.  But as we look back and remember the covenants God made we see how they are fulfilled in Christ and that God kept His Word which requires remembrance.

(1).    With Noah - God remembered Noah after the flood (Genesis 8:1).  This is the first time remember appears in the Bible. God eventually established a covenant of remembrance to never send a flood to destroy the earth again. The rainbow is a reminder of this covenant and it calls us to remember what God promised (Genesis 9:11-13).  

(2).  With Abraham - God made a 3-fold promise of land, seed and blessing (Genesis 12:1-3).  Abraham's descendants eventually found themselves in slavery and God heard their groaning. God then remembered His covenant with Abraham. 

(3).  With Moses - After the Exodus, God gave the law of the covenant to Moses and Israel. There were blessings and curses.  Israel failed but God did not forget Israel (Deuteronomy 4:31). 

(4).  With David - God entered into covenant with David (2 Samuel 7:13-15).  David's kingdom would be eternal. David failed and the kingly line descended towards the Babylonian captivity, after which, there was no other king of Israel--until Jesus came. 

(5).  With The New Covenant - God remembers that all these previous covenants point towards the New Covenant and find fulfillment in Christ.


THE PERSONAL APPLICATION OF PERFECT REDEMPTION

(1).  God Remembers The Needy - Psalm 56:8 says that God has taken in account all of David's wanderings.  David's tears were in a "bottle" and recorded in God's book--meaning God remembers David's afflictions. God remember Hannah and gave her a son (1 Samuel 1:19-20).  We have a God who immensely cares about us.  

(2).  God Remembers His Sheep - Jesus knows His sheep by name, personally and specifically. He does not forget us.  While on the cross the thief asked Jesus to remember him when Jesus' kingdom arrived (Luke 23:42).  Our Lord tends to us. 


 


 

Monday, September 11, 2023

BOOK SUMMARY: THE PEACEMAKER - PART 1 - GLORIFY GOD - CHAPTER 1 - CONFLICT PROVIDES OPPORTUNITY



When others wrong us or oppose us we tend to look out for self by justifying our actions and seeking to get our way. This selfish way of thinking and living makes things worse.

As Christians saved by the grace of God, we ought to be concerned with drawing attention to God.  Colossians 3:1-2 reminds us to set our hearts on things above, where Christ is seated, not on earthly things?  

We must recall God's mercy so that we can see more clearly how to deal with conflict.

CHAPTER 1

To some, conflict feels like a threat. To others it feels like a challenge to overcome. For others it is an opportunity to solve common problems in a way that glorifies God.  


THE SLIPPERY SLOPE OF CONFLICT



















There are 3 basic ways that people respond to conflict as illustrated above and discussed below. We need God's help to keep us from escape responses and attack responses. We need Him to teach us how to be peacemakers from His Word. 

(1).    Escape Responses - Some believe that all conflict is wrong or dangerous.  To avoid conflict these common responses are employed.
  • Denial - people can pretend conflict or a problem doesn't exist (Eli's sons - 1 Samuel 2:22-25)
  • Flight - Flight can include leaving the house or even ending a relationship, changing churches or quitting a job (Sara and Hagar - Genesis 16:1-8). That is different than withdrawing from a heated situation to gain clarity or to pray for wisdom. This is also different than fleeing for safety. 
  • Suicide - When all hope of conflict resolution is gone people may seek to take their own life (Saul - 1 Samuel 31:1-4).  This is always the wrong way to handle conflict. Suicide is the third leading cause of adolescent deaths in the US. 

(2).    Attack Responses - These responses are used by those who are more interested in winning a conflict than preserving a relationship.  Conflict is seen as something to overcome. These responses can be used by those who feel strong or weak.  The object is to eliminate opposition not create reconciliation. 
  • Assault - verbal attacks or physical attacks might be used (Stephen - Acts 6:8-15). Sabotaging another's life is sometimes done as well.
  • Litigation - The court system is often used to get people to do what we want them to do and end conflict. Some litigation is appropriate but not all (Romans 13:1-5). Christians should seek to settle disputes outside of court (1 Corinthians 6:1-8).  
  • Murder - In extreme cause people kill others to end disputes (Stephen's stoning - Acts 7:54-58).  Jesus address anger and murder of the heart (Matthew 5:21-22).

(3).    Peacemaking Responses - These responses are commanded by God. Here is a brief overview. The first three responses are personal and private. The second three responses involve the help of others.
  • Overlook An Offense -  It is to man's glory to overlook an offense (Proverbs 19:11). This is a form of forgiveness. You don't dwell on it or talk about it or let it create bitterness. 
  • Reconciliation - When an offense is too serious to overlook we have to resolve issues through confession, loving correction and forgiveness (Matthew 5:23-24, Galatians 6:1, Matthew 18:15). 
  • Negotiation - At times we may have to settle matters about money or property or other rights. This requires give and take and a willingness to compromise. It especially calls us to be concerned about the affairs of others (Philippians 2:4). 
  • Mediation - An objective person may need to meet at the same time with both parties to help them communicate and settle a dispute (Matthew 18:16). Mediators help but have no authority to force you to accept a particular solution. 
  • Arbitration - If mediation doesn't help. Both parties may agree to appoint an arbitrator to listen to the arguments and render a verdict (1 Corinthians 6:4). 
  • Accountability - If a person refuses to reconcile or repent then the church must hold this person accountable (Matthew 18:17).  This is supposed to be loving, redemptive and restorative. 


INTERESTING TRENDS ON THE SLOPE
Moving from left to right we see movement from private to public. Moving from left to right we see movement from voluntary to forced solutions.  The extreme responses result in greater loss in a variety of ways.  Both extremes end in death.   Litigation is similar to attack in that the attorney makes you look good and the other party looks bad.  Escape responses are focused on me.  Attack responses are focused on you.  Peacemaking is focused on us.


A BIBLICAL VIEW OF CONFLICT
Broad Definition - Conflict is a difference in opinion or purpose that frustrates someone's goals or desires. 

Conflict often arises from four primary reasons:

(1).    Poor communication (Joshua 22:10-34).

(2).    Differences in values, goals or opinions (Acts 15:39, 1 Corinthians 12:12-31).

(3).    Competition over limited resources (Genesis 13:1-12)

(4).    Sinful Attitudes (James 4:1-2).

Many conflicts aren't inherently sinful because opinions and desires vary.  We should not demand conformity but always seek unity. Differences can promote love and make life more interesting.  We ought to see conflict as an opportunity to demonstrate the love and power of God (1 Corinthians 10:31-11:1).


GLORIFYING GOD
We can use conflict to draw attention to God's grace, love, mercy and forgiveness He gives us through Christ.

(1).    You Can Trust God - Ask God for grace help to follow Him even if it feels counterintuitive (Proverbs 3:5-7). Trust that God is using this to grow you with the same grace with which saved you. 

(2).    You Can Obey God - Jesus obeyed God completely which secures our salvation. We glorify Him by our obedience (1 John 5:1-3).

(3).    You Can Imitate God - (Ephesians 5:1-2)

(4).    You Can Acknowledge God - When others wonder how you are able to deal with conflict in amazing ways, you can give credit to God and share where you got the wisdom (Philippians 2:13, 1 Peter 3:14-16).

Glorifying God benefits us as well (Psalm 37:31).

Our actions will show that God is big or that you and your problems are big.


SERVE OTHERS
We serve others by praying for them in the midst of conflict (Luke 6:27-28).

We may find that we carry another person's burdens as you resolve conflict (Galatians 6:2, 9-10).  Lashing out many times indicates other frustrations. 

We might encourage others to trust in Jesus as conflict is resolved (1 Peter 3:15-16).

We might teach others how to resolve conflict (Titus 2:7). 


GROW TO BE LIKE CHRIST
Paul followed Christ and called others to follow him (1 Corinthians 11:1). God's purpose is salvation is to glorify Himself by transforming you to look like Christ (Romans 8:28-29).  In conflict God may exposes sin in you in a variety of ways like pride, speech, an unforgiving heart or stubbornness. Worry less about going through conflict and focus more on growing through conflict. 


THE FOUR G'S OF PEACEMAKING
(1).    Glorify God

(2).    Get the log out of your own eye

(3).    Gently restore

(4).    Go and be reconciled


STEWARDING CONFLICT
We are conflict managers or stewards.  Effective stewards:

(1).    Stay motivated - the gospel motivates

(2).    Stay informed - we must know God's will (2 Timothy 3:16-17)

(3).    Stay strengthened - the Spirit enables (Galatians 5:22-23, 2 Chronicles 16:9a)

(4).    Stay dependent - when weary seek help from the church (Hebrews 10:23-25)

(5).    Stay faithful - (1 Corinthians 4:2, Matthew 25:21)


QUESTIONS TO CONSIDER
(1).    Why isn't it true that all conflict is wrong or dangerous?

(2).    Which response to conflict do you typically use to try and resolve a dispute? How effective was it?  
 
(3).    Is conflict always sinful? Explain. 

(4).    How can conflict be used to create unity without conformity? How does this glorify God?

(5).    When you're in conflict does glorifying God immediately pop up into your mind?

(6).    How does our response to conflict expose what we think about God (Matthew 22:37)?

(7).    How does glorifying benefit us (Psalm 37:31)?

(8).    Who is glorified in conflict if God is not?

(9).    Does your handling of conflict show that Jesus has saved you and He is your Lord (John 17:4)?

(10).    Are we praying for those with whom we have genuine conflict?  How did Jesus teach us to pray (Matthew 6:12)?

(11).    What is a manager or a steward? How are conflict situations times to be a steward or a manager (Luke 12:42)? How do you think God would evaluate your stewardship of conflict opportunities? 

Sunday, September 10, 2023

BOOK SUMMARY: THE PEACEMAKER - PREFACE



Conflict robs of us a lot of time, sleep, energy, resources, joy and opportunities in ministry or business.

Conflict can lead to estranged relationships and bitterness. 

Conflict is an opportunity to show the love and power of Christ.

Biblical conflict resolution can save marriages and prevent church splits. 


FOUR BASIC PRINCIPLES OF CONFLICT RESOLUTION
(1).    Glorify God (1 Corinthians 10:31) - Resolving conflict should be fueled by the gospel in order to demonstrate God's glory.  We should put His Word into practice. 

(2).    Get The Log Out Of Your Eye (Matthew 7:5) - We must learn to admit our own faults first. This decreases tensions because you don't have to point out all sin when it's freely admitted. 

(3).    Gently Restore (Galatians 6:1) - Sometimes others fail to see their sin and we have to graciously show them their error.  If they do not respond it may call for others to help out.

(4).    Go And Be Reconciled (Matthew 5:24) - We are called to have restored relationships. Genuine peace should be sought after. 

Since these principles are from God's Word they are timeliness and cross-cultural.  But they are also counter-cultural in that people are not naturally inclined to live this way.  Left to our own devices we are prone to remain in conflict and seek worldly solutions.

As Christians we have the foundation for being peacemakers since God has make peace with us through His Son.  We know grace and have received it and should learn to demonstrate it.  

The Lord has given us His church to help us in this process of conflict resolution (Matthew 18:16-17, Philippians 4:2-3, 1 Corinthians 6:1-8).


THIS BOOK WILL COVER
(1).    How to use conflict as an opportunity to demonstrate the love and power of Jesus
(2).    When it is appropriate to overlook an offense
(3).    How to change attitudes and habits that lead to conflict
(4).    How to confess wrongs honestly and affectively
(5).    When to assert your rights
(6).    How to correct others effectively
(7).    How to forgive others and achieve genuine reconciliation
(8).    How to negotiate just and reasonable agreements
(9).    When to ask the church to intervene in a conflict
(10).    How to deal with people who refuse to be reasonable
(11).    When it is appropriate for a Christian to go to court


QUESTIONS TO CONSIDER
(1).    How can unresolved conflict with others in or outside the church hurt our Christian witness?  

(2).    How can conflict be an opportunity to show the love and power of Christ?

(3).    Although Matthew 18:15-17 is about church discipline, how it is really about reconciliation and grace?

(4).    Philippians 4:2-3 speaks of two women who had some conflict.  What did their relationship used to look like?  What was Paul calling the church to help with?

(5).    Based on 1 Corinthians 6:1-8, who is obligated to help with conflict in the church?  Do you feel you have the skillset and Biblical knowledge to help others in conflict?  Do you ever sense that you are missing wisdom to help you with your own conflicts?

(6).    What is your go-to response when it comes to conflict in your marriage, at church or at work?

(7).    Will you commit to help our church and your family with conflict when God gives you the opportunity to minister in this way? 

(8) .  Out of the 11 things that this book will cover, which do you think will be most helpful for you?

Thursday, September 07, 2023

BOOK SUMMARY: REDEEMING MEMORY - CHAPTER 3 - THE CUDGEL OF CORRUPTED MEMORY



A cudgel is a club-shaped weapon. We can wield the cudgel of memory and distort the good and bad past to wound the present.  Distortions center around comparing past and present.


THE DISTORTIONS OF A GOOD PAST

(1).    Grumbling - Israel rejoiced when God delivered them from Egyptian slavery. One month later they are in the wilderness complaining about present circumstances longing to go back to Egypt to enjoy its "blessing" (Exodus 16:3).  Grumbling directs faults at others like Moses who led them out of Egypt. This grumbling was against the Lord (Exodus 16:8) even as He provided quail and manna for them.  In grumbling the grass is always greener on the other side. They lost sight of God's grace. God gave them manna for their needs but also to teach them that we live by the Words of God (Deuteronomy 8:3). God would use experience to also show US that Jesus, the Word, is the bread from heaven that we feast on to live eternally (John 6:35). The crowd even grumbled after Jesus' gracious feeding of them.  See how Israel's memory failed and led them to think God's provision is not enough. 

(2).    Nostalgia - Israel longed to return to Egypt because they remembered that they ate a good variety while in the wilderness they only had manna (Numbers 11:5-6).  Their memory failed and they forgot the slavery while exaggerating the goodness with a sinful nostalgia.  They wanted the melons of Egypt instead of the grapes of the Promised Land. They looked back sinfully and wrongly instead of looking forward according to God's Word and promises.  In nostalgia you sacrifice the present to try and live in the past which is impossible. You prefer to be in a previous moment instead of the one God has brought you to.  


DISTORTIONS OF A BAD PAST

(1).    Bitterness - Our minds will recall bad memories from the past to spoil the present moment. Bitterness burns bridges and builds barriers. In the book of Ruth, Naomi tells the people in Bethlehem, "Do not call me Naomi, call me Mara, for the Almighty has dealt very bitterly with me."  Naomi let her past and bitterness define her.  God's goodness was not in purview. 

(2).    Regret - What could have been, is not what is. The mind will replay this and corrupt the present. A.W. Tozer said that regret may be no more than a form of self-love.  You're disappointed that you don't live up to your own expectations instead of reveling in the grace of God. Regret sometimes arises from maturity in that it looks back and acknowledges one's own failings, BUT it fails to remember that current maturity is only derived from learning from those failures. 

(3).    Shame And Guilt - Whether it is because of past sin or suffering, shame leaves you feeling worthless.  Shame is fear of worthlessness while guilt is a fear of punishment. Shame arises externally. True guilt arises from conviction and conscience shaped by God's Word and Holy Spirit.  God can use guilt to turn you to Him.  Defective memories can leave you feeling guilty and you may run away from the situation or experience instead of moving Godward. Psalm 32:3-4 speaks of the body wasting away in response to guilt.  Guilt over sin may cause people to seek self-forgiveness even though they are not the offended party. The memory fails to recall who the sin is really against and so people seek human remedies.  Self-forgiveness is not forgiveness at all and not taught in Scripture. 

OLD TESTAMENT HISTORY - LECTURE 8 - ISRAEL'S EARLY HISTORY, PART 2 & JOSHUA INTRO


Lectures by Professor V. Phillips Long
Covenant Theological Seminary


Divided Kingdom (Israel - Northern Kingdom, 10 tribes)
Divided Kingdom (Judah - Southern Kingdom, 2 tribes)

I.    The Northern Kingdom (Israel) had 20 kings
        3 Kings in the 10th century
        9 Kings in the 9th century
        8 Kings in the 8th century
  • Jeroboam I
  • Nadab
  • Baasha
  • Elah
  • Zimri
  • Tibni
  • Omir
  • Ahab
  • Ahaziah
  • Joram/Jehoram
  • Jehu
  • Jehoahaz
  • Joash
  • Jeroboam II
  • Zechariah
  • Shallum
  • Menahem
  • Pekahiah
  • Pekah
  • Hoshea
II.    The Southern Kingdom (Judah) had 20 kings 
The kings of Judah had more stability and the kingdom lasted longer.
        3 Kings in the 10th century
        5 Rulers in the 9th century
        5 Rulers in the 8th century
        5 Rulers in the 7th century
        2 Rulers in the 6th century

  • Rehoboam
  • Abijah
  • Asah
  • Jehosaphat
  • Jehoram
  • Ahaziah
  • Athaliah 
  • Jehoash (Joash)
  • Amaziah
  • Uzziah (Azariah)
  • Jotham
  • Ahaz   
  • Hezekiah
  • Manasseh
  • Amon
  • Josiah
  • Jehoahaz
  • Jehoiakim
  • Jehoiachin (Jeconiah)
  • Zedekiah

THEMATIC DEVELOPMENT OF THE PENTATEUCH
Look at the beginning of any book and its end to try and determine the theme and development of it.

The theme of the Pentateuch is the promise to the Patriarchs--the partial fulfillment of the promise to, or blessing of, the Patriarchs. The promise of blessing is both the Divine initiative in a world where human initiatives always lead to disaster and a reaffirmation of the primal Divine intentions for man.

The promise has 3 parts: land, seed and blessing.  

(1).  Land - The seed (posterity) element of the promise is dominant in Genesis 12-50.  The barrenness of Sarah is in view during a lot of these chapters as we wonder where her and Abraham's children will come from.  At the end of Genesis the promise becomes to come into view. Abraham's grandson, Jacob, has sons that will form the tribes of Israel.

(2).  Blessing - The blessing element of the promise is in view during Exodus and Leviticus as God is dwelling with His people (the ultimate blessing).  The promise of God's relationship with them is seen in how God curses and judges the enemies of Abraham's descendants.  God is blessing them with protection. God then gives the Law at Mt. Sinai which would yield further blessing in their life if they kept covenant with God.  Leviticus lays down this law/covenant in great detail.

(3).  Land - The land element of the promise is in view during Numbers and Deuteronomy. They approach the land but are intimidated by the report of the majority of those reporting what they saw. They come to the border but don't enter. Numbers contains many censuses--military censuses as well because they're planning to conquer the land God was going to give them. Moses said to Hobab (Numbers 10:29) that they're setting out the place that God said He'd give them.  This awareness of the land is in view even though this part of the promise is not realized. It's moving us towards the fulfillment.   Deuteronomy now shows a great people.  But it also shows the land in view.  Moses is preparing them to enter in.  

Thus the Pentateuch ends with partial fulfillment and partial unfulfillment of the patriarchal promise of God.  It calls for the book of Joshua.


JOSHUA
Read Joshua 1:1-2 and ask as many questions as you can.

How much time after the death of Moses?
When and how did Moses die? Who is Moses?
What is the significance of his death?
What does servant of the Lord mean?
Who is the Lord?
How did God speak?
Who's going to lead them?
Why Joshua? Who is Nun?
How do they cross the Jordan?
How did Joshua feel?  Who was Joshua?
What land?
Why is Joshua called Moses' aide?
Who are the people?

A concordance can help you find answers to these questions.
A Bible dictionary can help provider quicker access to these questions as well.

BOOK SUMMARY: REDEEMING MEMORY - CHAPTER 2 - THE MALADY OF MEMORY


THE GARDEN OF EDEN
In the garden, man wanted to be like God by eating of the Tree of Knowledge of Good and Evil. Ironically, man was created in the image of God already. Man fell from perfection.

The Temptation - Satan twisted the positive command of God into a negative question. Eve was bent away from God and towards self.  Satan fed her misinformation to suggest lies about God. He called into question her memory of what God said. 

The Fall - Eve's memory was good but gave in to the twisting of God's command. She said, "eat." God said, "freely eat." She said, "touch." God said, "eat." She said, "die." God said, "surely die."  Eve doubted God's good character.  She gave some of the fruit to Adam and he ate instead of leading her to repentance. 


THE CORRUPTION OF HUMAN MEMORY  
Since the fall, the world has experienced death and disorder.  There is a two-fold weakness of memory. First, the natural decay or sickness we may experience like dementia. Second, we experience moral forgetfulness of holy duties.  Rather than glorifying and enjoying God, man now distorts memory to glory and enjoy self.  

The Blinding Effects Of Sin - Every human has a sin nature due to Adam's failure and sin (Romans 5:12-13). Mind is corrupted. Every faculty of ours is tainted by sin (senses, logic, mind, spirit).  The depth of sin of our sin nature is such that it makes identifying sinful effects difficult. Our sin nature makes it hard to see our sin nature and corruption.  Common grace is such that we have the ability to use our minds to reason and gain knowledge (Romans 1:18-20). Yet the mind is still blinded from seeing the light of the gospel (2 Corinthians 4:3-4). Man cannot diagnose nor redeem himself in our fallen condition. 

The Self-Deception Of Sin - We tend to recall a version of ourselves that is better than reality. We do not understand who we truly are. We are like those who look in the mirror and then forget what we look like (James 1:23-24).  It is necessary that we are aware of our self-deception.


THE FAILURES OF HUMAN MEMORY
Those who think they are well do not seek a doctor (Matthew 9:12). 

The Corruption Of Memory - We forget what we should remember and remember what we should forget. We doubt that God will remember what He's promised and we believe He'll remember what He promised to forget.  Memory is a gauge of what we value in that it reveals what matters to us by our remembrance or forgetfulness. 
Our memories will collect junk and throw away jewels. Dysfunction in our brains exists not from poor utilization (10%) but from pervasive fallenness. 

Categories Of Memory Failure - Human memory fails by omission and commission. We forget to do the important - omission. We remember to do the unimportant - commission. 


TRANSIENCE: LOSS OF MEMORY OVER TIME
Transience is the first failure in the category of omission. Due to neuron decay we forget. This is not sinful but an effect of the fall and our sinful condition. This forgetfulness impacts our spiritual life. 

Forgetting God: Who He Is - We forget God (Jeremiah 2:32). Hosea 7:2 says that people don't consider (forgetfulness) that God remembers all their wickedness. Human memory forgets God's perfect memory. 

Forgetting God: What He has Done - Psalm 106:13-14 teaches that God's people forgot His works. Psalm 106:21-22 says that they forgot God their Savior and all the great things He did in Egypt. 

Forgetting God: What He Has Commanded - Transience moves from forgetting God to forgetting His commandments. In Deuteronomy 8:11 we see Moses warning Israel not to forget God's commands. Jeremiah 23:36 teaches us that we do not remember the oracle of God because every man's own word will become the oracle of God. We become a law unto ourselves and forget God's law. 

Forgetting God: Fixating On Self - Transience will undermine your memory and turn it from God to self. My words replace God's words. If we forget our position we will raise ourselves above God. Ezekiel reminds Israel that God raised them up (Ezekiel 16:5-6).  Israel forgot what God had done for her (Ezekiel 16:22).  Ignorance and forgetfulness is not innocence (1 Corinthians 4:4). 


ABSENTMINDEDNESS: DISTRACTION FROM THE IMPORTANT
Absentmindedness is distraction that diverts us from what important. Memory never forms due to distractions. Retention requires attention. Distraction is the enemy of memory. 

Distraction Of Technology - In the digital age we constantly have things competing for our attention. This bombardment makes our memory overloaded but prevents our frontal lobes from concentrating on any one thing. The process of memory consolidation can't even begin. Our brain become trained at forgetting. The more WEB we use the more we trained our brain to think fast and efficiently but at the expense of sustained attention. This is one reason we struggle to concentrate.  Hebrews 2:1 tells us to pay close attention to what we have heard. 

Distractions Of Prosperity - People can be tempted to love this present world (2 Timothy 4:10).  Hosea 13:6 reminds us that wealth can lead to pride and a turning from God. 


BLOCKING: INTERFERENCE IN RETRIEVAL
Something may get in the way and prevent us from retrieving information that is actually stored in our memories.

Interference With Idols From Creation - Planting and cultivating should draw our minds to God but it can become the focus and we can ignore the Creator and worship creation (Isaiah 44:14-17).  Romans 1:21.  


BIAS: ALTERATION OF A RECALLED MEMORY
Many forms of bias exist.  Let's focus on recall bias and confirmation bias. 

Recall Bias - Recall bias occurs when a memory is retrieved but is altered and incomplete from the original. John 7:41-42 shows the Pharisees with altered memories trying to discredit Jesus.  

Confirmation Bias - Confirmation bias confirms and promotes your presuppositions. You will take new information and use it to promote your view and you'll ignore those things which might prove you wrong. Doctors have to make sure they don't use confirmation bias--they could miss the true diagnosis. 


MISATTRIBUTION: ASSIGNMENT OF MEMORY TO THE WRONG SOURCE
Misattribution is when a corrupted memory blames others for failings and gives self credit for accomplishments. 

Blame-Shifting - 1 Samuel 15 shows us misattribution. Saul blamed the people and took the credit and did not recount the events correctly. 

Credit-Shifting To Others - This is assigning the credit that belongs to God and giving it to self or false gods. Exodus 32:1-4 is an example of this.

Credit-Shifting To Self - In Isaiah 39:4 Hezekiah takes credit for his wealth.  Nebuchadnezzar did the same (Daniel 4:30).  

Pride: Inflation Of Self - We use our memory to inflate self and deflate God. Matthew 23:12 reminds us that whoever exalts himself will be humbled. 

Pride: Deflation Of Others - Prides wants more than others. It wants to look better than others. Prideful memories remember another person's flaws and minimizes your own.

Pride: Destruction Of Self 


PERSISTENCE: PRESERVATION OF USELESS MEMORIES
We focus on memories that should be forgotten. Our minds will struggle to distinguish between useful and useless information if we remembered everything. Persistence picks up the clutter and saves it. What is useful, then, becomes crowded by clutter.

Attention To The Meaningless - 1 Timothy1:4 gives instruction to Timothy to not pay attention to myths and endless genealogies which give rise to speculation and derail us from the things of God. 

Attention To The Worthless - Galatians 4:9 tells us not to turn back to weak and worthless elemental things.


SUMMARY
Memory is corrupted in many ways. There are failures of omission and commission. More memory is not the solution--that just amplifies the problem.